And yet it moves platforms2/2/2024 These antibodies were “re-detected” at the end of the 1960s. Precipitating antibodies in patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome were first described in 1958 by Jones and further characterized by Anderson et al. However, the deprivation of intracellular reducing agents in endothelial cells makes endothelial cells sensitive to a redox-dependent shuttling of La protein. Endothelial cells are usually resistant to the shuttling of La protein, while dendritic cells are highly sensitive. The shuttling of La protein depends on the redox status of the respective cell type. ![]() We show that ligands of toll-like receptors lead to a redox-dependent shuttling of La protein. Moreover, we show that translocation of La protein to the cytoplasm can be triggered in a ligand/receptor-dependent manner under physiological conditions. Using these tools, here we show that redox-dependent conformational changes are the driving force for the shuttling of La protein. Moreover, we developed anti-La monoclonal antibodies (anti-La mAbs), which are specific for either the reduced form of La protein or the oxidized form. Recently, we showed that La protein undergoes redox-dependent conformational changes. Moreover, the driving mechanism for the shuttling of La protein remains unclear. Even until today, the shuttling and the cytoplasmic function of La/SS-B is controversially discussed. ![]() Unfortunately, these harsh conditions could also cause an artificial release of La protein. All of these conditions are somehow related to oxidative stress. This shuttling of La protein was seen after UV irradiation, virus infections, hydrogen peroxide exposure and the Fenton reaction based on iron or copper ions. Decades ago, we and many other groups showed a nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of La protein in cultured cells.
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